IBM shifts 401(k) policy to once-a-year matches

Employees were notified this week that matching contributions will be made just once annually, on Dec. 31, beginning next year. "This change reflects our continuing commitment to invest in our employee 401(k) plans while maintaining business competitiveness in a challenging economic environment," IBM spokesman Doug Shelton said.

The end-of-the-year 401(k) match won't be unique to IBM, but experts say the company's move could lead other major employers to consider making less frequent contributions.

"IBM is one of the world's most influential plan sponsors," said Mike Alfred, CEO of BrightScope Inc., which rates corporate 401(k) plans. It places IBM's among the top 30 plans at large employers. "Everyone in the benefits industry will pay close attention to whatever IBM does."

Across the country, some 60 million workers participate in 401(k)s, which have become a key source of retirement savings. Most companies match from 3 percent to 6 percent of the amount the employee contributes to the account. Contributions are exempt from income tax, and investment earnings grow tax-free until withdrawal.

Although the amount employees will receive won't change, those who leave IBM prior to Dec. 15 won't receive that year's 401(k) matching contribution, unless they're retiring. That's a disincentive for those considering jobs outside IBM.

IBM matches an employee's 401(k) contribution dollar-for-dollar up to 6 percent of eligible pay, for those hired before 2005. Those hired later are eligible to receive up to 5 percent of pay. IBM also makes automatic contributions, ranging from 1 to 4 percent of pay, even if the employee doesn't contribute to the account on their own behalf.

IBM paid $875 million last year in matching and automatic contributions to the more than 200,000 eligible employees. The company, based in Armonk, N.Y., had some 433,000 employees globally at the end of last year, when it reported nearly $107 billion in revenue.

IBM's switch to an annual lump-sum matching contribution puts it among a relatively small number of employers taking that approach. About 7 percent of employers offering 401(k)s make contributions once a year, benefits consultant Mercer estimates. About 88 percent make contributions each pay period, with a smaller number using monthly or quarterly distribution schedules.

Companies switching to end-of-the-year matches typically save money because they don't provide matching contributions for employees who leave during the year, other than those retiring. "The amount of the cost that is saved would vary significantly depending on the turnover within the organization," said Alison Borland, a vice president with consulting firm Aon Hewitt.